Differences Between Christianity And Buddhism - 1184 Words

Religion is one of the most vital and personal parts of a person’s spirituality. Christianity is the largest of these religions, with more than 2.2 billion adherents. Buddhism is also another religion practiced that has around 360 million followers. This paper will compare both of these religions according to their worldviews and also tie in their health care implications. A worldview helps to form a person’s thoughts and opinions. It determines someone’s values and decisions in life. Although Christianity and Buddhism are different in many ways, there are also many ways they are similar when compared to the worldview of each belief system. Prime reality in Christianity can be answered by the words God and Jesus Christ. God created everything and is the only one who knows why everything is the way it is. Jesus taught that he is the way, â€Å"I am the way, the truth, and the life†. (John 14:6, NIV). In Buddhism, the Buddha did not consider himself a god . He is more of a guide to achieve enlightenment. The steps to achieve enlightenment are prime reality to Buddhists. In Christianity, their belief in the nature in the world is in which God created the cosmos and they are made with uniformity. Everything can be perceived through feelings of greed, envy, jealousy and so on. Buddhists believe that everything is part of an ultimate, impersonal ground of existence which is neither good nor evil. Reality is considered to be an illusion of mistaken perceptions.Show MoreRelatedDifferences Between Christianity And Buddhism1481 Words   |  6 Pagesand spiritual needs. Although physical and emotional needs are equally important, this paper will focus on the patient’s spiritual needs. It specifically will look at the differences and similarities between Christianity and Buddhism. The worldview of both religions will be explored, and a summary will be given of the differences. Common elements of all religions will be examined. Those things that are important to patients of different faiths will be presented with an emphasis on nursing. LastlyRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Buddhism2100 Words   |  9 Pagesof this paper was to examine and discover the similarities and the differences of Christianity and Buddhism in their worldview philosophies and attitude concerning healthcare. A comparative analysis was completed between the two religions as it relates to their respective belief systems, spiritual practices, overview on health and perspective on healing. Although results revealed some similarities, subtle and significant diffe rences do exist. Healthcare providers need to be familiar with these nuancesRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Buddhism1636 Words   |  7 Pagesthat will be discussed in this paper; Christianity and Buddhism will be the faiths in focus along with the effects on the concept of worldview. Common Components and Health Care Christianity. â€Å"For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him, and for him† Colossians 1:16 (King James Bible Online). Christianity is a monotheistic religion, meaningRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Buddhism2030 Words   |  9 PagesThis paper is a comparison between two very different religions, specifically Christianity and Buddhism. Coming from opposite sides of the globe these two religions could not be any farther apart in any aspect. I will discuss who Christ is for Christians and who Buddha is for Buddhists. I will also get into the aspects of charity, love, and compassion in both religions and I will be looking at the individual self and how Christians see resurrection where the Buddhists feel about the afterlife. OneRead MoreDifference and Similarities Between Christianity and Four (4) World Rel igion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism.2305 Words   |  10 Pages Title: Difference and Similarities between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism. Introduction: In the world today there are many religions of different beliefs with vast numbers of followers. However, some of these religions turn to have similarities and differences which defer them from each another. The following report briefly talks about the differences and similarities between Christianity and other four (4) major world religions and theyRead MoreChristianity And Buddhism : A Nation Of Many Religions Essay844 Words   |  4 Pagestheir life, so they relay themselves on religion. Christianity and Buddhism are two ancient religions which both have being on earth for a long time. Both religions are based on the teachings of one man. Moreover, they have many similarities as well as differences. They both have a place of adoration. For Christians is a church, chapel, cathedral, and may others. For Buddhism is a monastery, nunneries, pagodas, and temples. Both Christianity as Buddhism believe on the adoration of something, which willRead More Comparing Buddhism and Christianity Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Buddhism and Christianity In the early sixth century Christianity was evolving at a rapid pace. The spread of Christianity was not only moving westward through Europe, but it was also moving eastward down the Silk Road. The eastward spread of Christianity was primarily a form of Christianity known as Nestorianism, after the teachings of Nestorius, a fifth century patriarch. By 635 Nestorian Christianity had reached the heart of China spreading through all of Persia and India. DuringRead MoreBuddhism and Christianity1411 Words   |  6 PagesIn the early sixth century Christianity was evolving at a rapid pace. The spread of Christianity was not only moving westward through Europe, but it was also moving eastward down the Silk Road. The eastward spread of Christianity was primarily a form of Christianity known as Nestorianism, after the teachings of Nestorius, a fifth century patriarch. By 635 Nestorian Christianity had reached the heart of China spreading through all of Persia and India. During the middl e of the seventh century NestorianRead MoreThe Religion Of Islam And Islam1544 Words   |  7 Pagesreligions are different in many aspects, but respect the opposing religious groups. Examples of these religions are Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity that originated from different regions and cultures. While Buddhism comes from a different background, Islam and Christianity come from the same source, and have spread in similar ways throughout history, however, the three religions have differences in their philosophies and practices. These three religions differ in origin, practices, beliefs, worship, andRead MoreChristianity vs Buddhism923 Words   |  4 Pagestruths,† said by Muhammad Ali. Religion is the belief and reverence for a supernatural power and powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe (2003). The religions I’ve chose to compare and contrast would be non denomination/ Christianity and Buddhism. Each religion would be broken down by their religious belief, religious ritual, and religious experience. The definition of these religious things are: religious belief is a statement to which members of a particular religion adhere, religious

The Issue Of Gun Control - 854 Words

Gun control Gun Control is a hot debate topic, where people have been divided into two different viewpoints. The majority of states have supported their colleges to carry guns in case of a mass shootout. While the majority of liberals and democrats oppose carrying guns on school property, some states like Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Wisconsin, and Mississippi have already passed the law to allow students to carry concealed weapons on campuses to protect themselves. The majority of people present their arguments that Gun shouldn’t be allowed on campuses. A campus is a place where students gain knowledge. It is not a battlefield or a place where students should fear their classmates. These days’ people are being irrational about mass shootouts. Media also has a huge responsibility on this issue, and media has the power to provoke fear among people. There are many solutions to fix these problems. Deploying more security could be a solution; it would also create more jobs. Simply handing guns to teachers and students won’t solve the problem of mass shootouts. There might be some students or faculty members who are same minded as shooters. The other solution which could be effective is deploying more police officers onto campuses. Writer LZ Granderson writes that â€Å"in a country with a 350 million people, but there are more than 310 million guns, we don’t need more guns. Especially in the school area.† (Teachers with a gun is a crazy idea). If security isShow MoreRelatedGun Issue And Gun Control1401 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity, Gun Politics has been a course I have aspired to take. While many enroll in such a course looking for an escape from the â€Å"collegiate liberal echo chamber† or as an outlet for their conservative agendas, I saw the class as an â€Å"entrance to the dark side.† My views on guns prior to the class were, I would call, polarized yet uninformed. In most of my discussions, I would cite the Australian 1996 National Firearms Agreement as precedent for how American politicians should approach the gun issueRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagessomebody who wants to inflict harm on other people to get his or her hands on a gun.â₠¬  (Simple Minded Gun Control). Gun control is a controversial issue worldwide. The reason why this has attracted so much attention is because not everyone is in favor of gun control and each side brings up excellent points about the issue. Research related to this issue strongly supports the claim that there SHOULD be more gun control laws. Three arguments that prove this position are (1) Incidents like Sandy HookRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1489 Words   |  6 Pagessplit on the issue of gun control. We have seen many violent shootings and innocent people dying because of gun violence. Some Americans believe we need strict gun laws to protect our children and ourselves from these horrific tragedies. Other Americans believes it is our rights as Americans to posses’ guns and we are entitled to that right in our constitution. There are also some Americans that are stuck in the middle and can see both sides but recent events have definitely caused this issue to be inRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1031 Words   |  5 Pagesintegrate them in a way that will trigger a new viewpoint on the subject. Gun control is something that should be enforced across the world in order to save lives. In the United States there is a ratio of 88.8 guns per one hundred persons (GunPolicy.org). Those numbers award us with the highest total per capita number in the world. With that amount of firepower there needs to be an efficient way to regulate who exactly can purchase a gun. Since 1791 when the second amendment was ratified there have beenRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1705 Words   |  7 Pagesaway without preface or reason. All someone needs to do is pull the trigger. In today’s world, guns are far too accessible to the people of society. We hear in the news, stories of mass shootings, homicides, and suicides; most of which are caused by the activation of a gun. A hot-button issue, gun control is one of the most debated topics in American politics. Shou ld we, or should we not, be able to own guns? Although it infringes on the Second Amendment that provides the right to bear arms, this amendmentRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control951 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a big topic for the past decade in the united states. These debates will rise and fall time in and time out after something horrific happens in the state. Anti-Gun supporters do not realize that it is extremely difficult to regulate something in the states that is a big portion of our economy.Would stricter gun laws change anything? So far statistically It has been proven otherwise one must consider how a citizen would defend themselves when they are faced with terror. How willRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control929 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Getting arrested yesterday was not the highlight of my week. I was hungry; so I went to Wal-Mart get some charcoal, lighter fluid, and steak. I put the charcoal in the grill and the lighter fluid on the coals. I got a little lighter fluid on my arm, but I didn’t pay it much attention. I lit the match and threw it on the coals. I looked down and my sleeve was on fire. I was waving my arm in the air, trying to put it out. Then here they come the police pulled in and tackled me to theRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of gun is always controversial. Firearm can be used as defending or an assaulting weapon. In United States, firearm increase the rate of homicide, suicide and gun violence, which can harm and murder people. Moreover, taking away people’s gun will not work effectively because the murder and criminal will find another ways to get guns. Also, the black market will appear for the people who cannot get guns from regulated market s. In addition, if regulated guns are banned, murderers may useRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1678 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 2014 The 2nd Amendment Over the past few years, the issue of gun control has been widely discussed. You surely have heard the phrase, â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people† uttered and i wholeheartedly support this statement. It is important to treat guns responsibly so they do not end up in the wrong hands. I believe gun control violates our inalienable rights. Another piece of our liberty will surely be taken away if guns are banned, and socialism and totalitarianism will be rightRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1208 Words   |  5 PagesWill Christopherson Traverson English 2 1 March 2017 Gun Control The United States has 88.8 guns per 100 people, or about 270,000,000 guns, which is the highest total and per capita number across the globe. The current public gun control debate in the United States seems to be placed on standby until it is sparked up by a major mass shooting. There were at least 126 mass shootings between January 2000 and July 2014.(pro). Opponents of more gun laws accuse supporters of using a horrific event to further

Ancient History Evoultion of the Earth Essay Example For Students

Ancient History Evoultion of the Earth Essay The Greek geographers of the later Roman period developed systematic calculations for the mapping and shaping of the earth. However, what would come to replace these systematic calculations? Why were the ideologies of a flat earth accepted and why were those of a spherical earth ridiculed? The answer to this question is very simple and can be answered by one clear and concise word: Religion. Thus saith the Lord God; This is Jerusalem: I have set it in the midst of the nations and countries that are round about her. (Ezekiel 5:5)This verse from the of book Ezekiel simply states that the city of Jerusalem should be in the center of all maps created. This eliminated the need for any latitude or longitude. Before hand, there had been more than six hundred maps created, not one having this holy city as the center. There was nothing new about putting the most sacred place at the center says Boorstin. The Hindus placed Mount Meru, a mythological 70,000 foot high mountain at the center of their map. In the Muslim faith, the Kabah in Mecca was the highest point on earth and the polestar showed the city of Mecca to be opposite the center of the sky. As one can clearly see, many maps, had different centers. Each map had a different center, each based on a different religion. Many years before the birth of Jesus Christ, the Greeks theorized that the earth was a globe. But after that, there was a period in history called The Great Interruption. This period was categorized by a complete silence where people in general, forgot about the issue of whether the earth was flat or whether it was a globe. Another reason that brought the theories of a globular world to rest was because the priests told the general public that the earth was flat. Priests such as St. Augustine and others invented the Antipode theory, which stated that a world shaped like a globe is impossible because objects would be hanging downwards and growing backwards. Once again, religion played a major part in this argument that would rage on for many years to come. To conclude, much like the theories of the priests in the first 400 years after the birth of Jesus Christ, who said that Jerusalem was the center of a flat earth, one might be able to relate this period in time to a much more recent and modern one. Prior to the French Revolution in 1789, France was ruled by an absolute divine right monarchy. The institution that had the most power at the time was the Catholic church. No one in France would ever dare question the word of the Church. Everything the Church said had to be true and that was that. This is further reinforced by the churchs persecution of Copernicus who later again theorized that the earth was not the center of the solar system. This illustrates that 1000 years later, religion remained the backbone of society, and to a lesser extent, the same still holds true today in certain societies

Love and Justice

Introduction This essay is on love and justice. Love and justice are God’s gifts. The two are virtues which should be practiced by humans for a peaceful and sober coexistence. However, there might be no definite meaning of these virtues though everybody talk about and desire them. Love is all about passion, affection, care and affirmation either expressed by kind deeds or sincere words spoken from a person.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Love and Justice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Bible defines what love is though in different meanings. Love and justice are intertwined and this essay will explain the Christian understanding of love and justice. It will also show how Martin Luther King Jnr tried to practice love and justice in his civil rights campaign. Correlation between Love and Justice Love can be based on a romantic relationship, friendship or expressed unconditionally like in parents or spi ritually by God. The absence of love will generate feelings of neglect, loneliness and emptiness which are disastrous. Justice is associated with fairness, rights and equality to accessing resources. Its definition and interpretation is however based on the law and that which is not just is termed as unjust. The absence of justice leads to anger which is shown through strikes, riots or peaceful demonstrations. Notable is the fact that justice delayed is lawfully described as justice denied. Christian understanding of Love and Justice Christian belief and understanding of love is founded in the Bible as written by Paul in 1 Corinthians 13:4, 7-8 that â€Å"love is kind, patient, accommodative, hopeful, enduring, eternal, is not rude, is not boastful and is never envious† (The Bible 798). They believe that God is love and that he sacrificed his only son Jesus Christ to die on the cross for their sins because he loved them though they were sinners. They thereby practice love by passionately helping the poor, sick and the needy, charity work, loving their children, children obeying and loving their parents, loving themselves by taking care of their bodies, caring for others and being responsible. Hence they believe that in practicing this sincerely, they are expressing love to others and desire the same to be done unto them. Christians believe and understand that God is just. They believe that God is fair in that he rewards people with what they deserve. They understand that justice is attained by treating everybody equally, advocating for others to be treated fairly, not discriminating on basis of color, religion, race, wealth and by respecting others. They believe that all are created in God’s image and thus all should be treated equally (Schubeck 23).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Martin Luther King Jnr. and Love and Justice In his civil rights campaign, Martin Luther King Jnr. had a personal touch with the oppressed and the poor .He gave hope to the poor, companionship to the lonely, help to the lost, understood and advised the ignorant. He advocated for people to help others. Through these he expressed love and was equally loved by the oppressed. He was honest and compassionate man (Dharmara 1) Martin Luther King Jnr. was a brave human rights defender. In his civil rights campaigns he organized and participated in demonstrations and protests that demanded for the end of racism, discrimination and intimidation. His quest for economic, social justice and racial equality put his life at risk and he was consequently jailed for his advocacy. He practiced racial integration, enlightened the oppressed on their rights and devoted his life to the attainment of justice (Dharmara 1). Conclusion It is worth noting that love and justice are important virtues in human life and as such should be practiced by all. They however do not come at ease especially justice and thus sacrifice should be made in order to attain justice. They are intimately related and hence the absence of one or both makes life terrible. We should all advocate for love and timely justice. Works Cited Dharmara, Araj. Martin Luther King, Jnr Bound to love. Knowledge of Reality Magazine, 2006. Web. http://www.sol.com.au/kor/15_01.htm The Bible. The Holy Bible. New International Version. New York, NY: Zondervan, 1948. Print. Schubeck, Thomas. Love and justice in narrative. Maryknoll Society, 2007. Web. This essay on Love and Justice was written and submitted by user Iron Fist to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Anthem essays

Anthem essays The True Importance of Individuality Ayn Rands Anthem truthfully explores a consolidated collectivist society from which a man struggles to discover a way to escape the evasion and lies of this totalitarian government, while simultaneously trying to find the meaning of his own life as an individual, not as a group. Equality 7-2521, the protagonist that attempts and succeeds in achieving freedom, emphasizes the main point of the story by stating phrases that enable the reader to understand more clearly the destructive consequences of the word we, as well as the importance of common individuality through the word I. My happiness needs no higher aim to vindicate it. My happiness is not the means to any end. It is the end. (pg. 95) Equality 7-2521 begins to fully realize his importance as an individual after discovering the word I as a means to decipher one another through an ancient book that he recovers. He justifies and proves his unsurpassable happiness of his breakthrough. His expression accentuates the realization of his forthcoming as an individual, which also represents the end of his quest that he has worked so diligently to achieve. Equality 7-2521s happiness is everything that he wishes to achieve, the basic meaning in life that he hopes and struggles to attain only for himself, not for his exalted brothers. Neither am I the means to any end others may wish to accomplish. I am not a tool for their use, servant of their needs, a sacrifice on their altars. (pg. 95) Equality 7-2521 knows that he is not to be taken advantage of. He is an individual, with his own rights, knowing h e has the ability to participate in his own thoughts in his own private existence that belongs to nobody but himself. We know that we are evil, but there is no will in us and no power to resist it. (pg. 18) Before Equality 7-2521 discovers the ...

Overview of 1916 During World War 1

Overview of 1916 During World War 1 Previous: 1915 - A Stalemate Ensues | World War I: 101 | Next: A Global Struggle Planning for 1916 On December 5, 1915, representatives of the Allied powers gathered at the French headquarters in Chantilly to discuss plans for the coming year. Under the nominal leadership of General Joseph Joffre, the meeting came to the conclusion that the minor fronts that had been opened in places such as Salonika and the Middle East would not be reinforced and that the focus would be on mounting coordinating offensives in Europe. The goal of these was to prevent the Central Powers from shifting troops to defeat each offensive in turn. While the Italians sought to renew their efforts along the Isonzo, the Russians, having made good their losses from the previous year, intended to advance into Poland. On the Western Front, Joffre and the new commander of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), General Sir Douglas Haig, debated strategy. While Joffre initially favored several smaller assaults, Haig desired to launch a major offensive in Flanders. After much discussion, the two decided on a combined offensive along the Somme River, with the British on the north bank and the French on the south. Though both armies had been bled in 1915, they had succeeded in raising large numbers of new troops which allowed the offensive to move forward. Most notable of these were the twenty-four New Army divisions formed under the guidance of Lord Kitchener. Comprised of volunteers, the New Army units were raised under the promise of those who joined together would serve together. As a result, many of the units were comprised of soldiers from the same towns or localities, leading to them being referred to as Chums or Pals battalions. German Plans for 1916 While Austrian Chief of Staff Count Conrad von HÃ ¶tzendorf made plans for attacking Italy through the Trentino, his German counterpart, Erich von Falkenhayn, was looking to the Western Front. Incorrectly believing that the Russians had been effectively defeated the year before at Gorlice-Tarnow, Falkenhayn decided to concentrate Germanys offensive power on knocking France out of the war with the knowledge that with the loss of their main ally, Britain would be forced to sue for peace. To do so, he sought attack the French at a vital point along line and one that they would not be able to retreat from due to issues of strategy and national pride. As a result, he intended to compel the French to commit to a battle that would bleed France white. In assessing his options, Falkenhayn selected Verdun as the target of his operation. Relatively isolated in a salient in the German lines, the French could only reach the city over one road while it was located near several German railheads. Dubbing the plan Operation Gericht (Judgment), Falkenhayn secured Kaiser Wilhelm IIs approval and began massing his troops. The Battle of Verdun A fortress town on the Meuse River, Verdun protected the plains of Champagne and the approaches to Paris. Surrounded by rings of forts and batteries, Verduns defenses had been weakened in 1915, as artillery was shifted to other sections of the line. Falkenhayn intended to launch his offensive on February 12, but it was postponed nine days due to poor weather. Alerted to the attack, the delay allowed the French to reinforce the citys defenses. Surging forward on February 21, the Germans succeeded in driving the French back. Feeding reinforcements into the battle, including General Philippe Petains Second Army, the French began to inflict heavy losses on the Germans as the attackers lost the protection of their own artillery. In March, the Germans changed tactics and assaulted the flanks of Verdun at Le Mort Homme and Cote (Hill) 304. Fighting continued to rage through April and May with Germans slowly advancing, but at a massive cost (Map). The Battle of Jutland As fighting raged at Verdun, the Kaiserliche Marine began planning efforts to break the British blockade of the North Sea. Outnumbered in battleships and battlecruisers, the commander of the High Seas Fleet, Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheer, hoped to lure part of the British fleet to its doom with the goal of evening the numbers for a larger engagement at a later date. To accomplish this, Scheer intended to have Vice Admiral Franz Hippers scouting force of battlecruisers raid the English coast to draw out Vice Admiral Sir David Beattys Battlecruiser Fleet. Hipper would then retire, luring Beatty towards the High Seas Fleet which would destroy the British ships. Putting this plan into action, Scheer was unaware that British codebreakers had notified his opposite number, Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, that a major operation was in the offing. As a result, Jellicoe sortied with his Grand Fleet to support Beatty. Clashing on May 31, around 2:30 PM on May 31, Beatty was roughly handled by Hipper and lost two battlecruisers. Alerted to the approach of Scheers battleships, Beatty reversed course towards Jellicoe. The resulting fight proved the only major clash between the two nations battleship fleets. Twice crossing Scheers T, Jellicoe compelled the Germans to retire. The battle concluded with confused night actions as the smaller warships met each other in the dark and the British attempted to pursue Scheer (Map). While the Germans succeeded in sinking more tonnage and inflicting higher casualties, the battle itself resulted in a strategic victory for the British. Though the public had sought a triumph similar to Trafalgar, the German efforts at Jutland failed to break the blockade or significantly reduce the Royal Navys numerical advantage in capital ships. Also, the result led to the High Seas Fleet effectively remaining in port for the remainder of the war as the Kaiserliche Marine turned its focus to submarine warfare. Previous: 1915 - A Stalemate Ensues | World War I: 101 | Next: A Global Struggle Previous: 1915 - A Stalemate Ensues | World War I: 101 | Next: A Global Struggle The Battle of the Somme As a result of the fighting at Verdun, the Allied plans for an offensive along the Somme were modified to make it a largely British operation. Moving forward with the goal of easing pressure on Verdun, the main push was to come from General Sir Henry Rawlinsons Fourth Army which was largely comprised of Territorial and New Army troops. Preceded by a seven-day bombardment and the detonation of several mines under German strong points, the offensive began at 7:30 AM on July 1. Advancing behind a creeping barrage, British troops encountered heavy German resistance as the preliminary bombardment had been largely ineffective. In all areas the British attack achieved little success or was repulsed outright. On July 1, the BEF suffered over 57,470 casualties (19,240 killed) making it the bloodiest day in the history of the British Army (Map). While the British attempted to restart their offensive, the French component had success south of the Somme. By July 11, Rawlinsons men captured the first line of German trenches. This compelled the Germans to halt their offensive at Verdun in order to reinforce the front along the Somme. For six weeks, fighting became a grinding battle of attrition. On September 15, Haig made a final attempt at a breakthrough at Flers-Courcelette. Achieving limited success, the battle saw the debut of the tank as a weapon. Haig continued to push until the battles conclusion on November 18. In over four months of fighting, the British took 420,000 casualties while the French sustained 200,000. The offensive gained around seven miles of front for the Allies and the Germans lost around 500,000 men. Victory at Verdun With the opening of fighting at the Somme, the pressure on Verdun began to wane as German troops were shifted west. The high water mark of the German advance was reached on July 12, when troops reached Fort Souville. Having held, the French commander in Verdun, General Robert Nivelle, began planning a counter-offensive to push the Germans back from the city. With the failure of his plan to take Verdun and setbacks in the East, Falkenhayn was replaced as chief of staff in August by General Paul von Hindenburg. Making heavy use of artillery barrages, Nivelle began attacking the Germans on October 24. Recapturing key forts on the citys outskirts, the French had success on most fronts. By the end of fighting on December 18, the Germans had effectively been driven back to their original lines. The fighting at Verdun cost the French 161,000 dead, 101,000 missing, and 216,000 wounded, while the Germans lost 142,000 killed and 187,000 wounded. While the Allies were able to replace these losses, the Germans increasingly were not. The Battle of Verdun and the Somme became symbols of sacrifice and determination for the French and British Armies. The Italian Front in 1916 With the war raging on the Western Front, HÃ ¶tzendorf moved forward with his offensive against the Italians. Irate at Italys perceived betrayal of its Triple Alliance responsibilities, HÃ ¶tzendorf opened a punishment offensive by attacking through the mountains of the Trentino on May 15. Striking between Lake Garda and the headwaters of the River Brenta, the Austrians initially overwhelmed the defenders. Recovering, the Italians mounted a heroic defense which halted the offensive at a cost of 147,000 casualties. Despite the losses sustained in the Trentino, the overall Italian commander, Field Marshal Luigi Cadorna, pressed forward with plans for renewing attacks in the Isonzo River valley. Opening the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo in August, the Italians captured the town of Gorizia. The Seventh, Eight, and Ninth battles followed in September, October, and November but gained little ground (Map). Russian Offensives on the Eastern Front Committed to offensives in 1916 by the Chantilly conference, the Russian Stavka began preparations for attacking the Germans along the northern part of the front. Due to additional mobilization and the re-tooling of industry for war, the Russians enjoyed an advantage in both manpower and artillery. The first attacks began on March 18 in response to French appeals to relieve pressure on Verdun. Striking the Germans on either side of Lake Naroch, the Russians sought to retake the town of Vilna in Eastern Poland. Advancing on a narrow front, they made some progress before the Germans began counterattacking. After thirteen days of fighting, the Russians admitted defeat and sustaining 100,000 casualties. In the wake of the failure, the Russian Chief of Staff, General Mikhail Alekseyev convened a meeting to discuss offensive options. During the conference, the new commander of the southern front, General Aleksei Brusilov, proposed an attack against the Austrians. Approved, Brusilov carefully planned his operation and moved forward on June 4. Using new tactics, Brusilovs men attacked on a wide front overwhelmed the Austrian defenders. Seeking to take advantage of Brusilovs success, Alekseyev ordered General Alexei Evert to attack the Germans north of the Pripet Marshes. Hastily prepared, Everts offensive was easily defeated by the Germans. Pressing on, Brusilovs men enjoyed success through early September and inflicted 600,000 casualties on the Austrians and 350,000 on the Germans. Advancing sixty miles, the offensive ended due to a lack of reserves and the need to aid Romania (Map). Romanias Blunder Previously neutral, Romania was enticed to join the Allied cause by a desire to add Transylvania to its borders. Though it had had some success during the Second Balkan War, its military was small and country faced enemies on three sides. Declaring war on August 27, Romanian troops advanced into Transylvania. This was met by a counter-offensive by German and Austrian forces, as well as attacks by the Bulgarians to the south. Quickly overwhelmed, the Romanians retreated, losing Bucharest on December 5, and were forced back to Moldavia where they dug in with Russian assistance (Map). Previous: 1915 - A Stalemate Ensues | World War I: 101 | Next: A Global Struggle

The Subject of Macroeconomics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Subject of Macroeconomics - Assignment Example The good thing about children is that it's easier for them to burn what they eat. Meaning, we can afford to feed them with greasy and sugary fast food and yet with proper play and exercise they will be able to burn them. And though schools remove facilities for physical activities, I don't think this should prevent children from exercising. They could run around the block and it would not cost a thing. Also, you can give the children chores requiring physical activity. This may even address the increasing demand for work time. With the children doing chores, they get exercise and adults have more time to work. It's a win-win situation. My point is, even though economic indicators tend to favor the occurrence of obesity, non-economic factors can easily counter it. With the right mindset, we can go above these economic indicators and prevent obesity. On the contrary, Microeconomics deals with the behavior of individuals and how they decide to allocate their limited resources. In the study of Macroeconomics, we deal with certain indicators and factors. These are the unemployment rates, price indices, national income, among other things. It is with the relationship of these factors that determines how the economy functions. National income is the estimate of the value of goods and services produced in an economy, for example, the US economy. There are many ways to measure national income. It may either be measured as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP) among other things.  Ã‚  

What Role Can Nurses Play in Treating Hypertension Essay

What Role Can Nurses Play in Treating Hypertension - Essay Example The literature review looks at some past and recent articles and studies that have specifically explored the role of nurses in the care of hypertension and how this role can evolve to provide an overall healthcare provision. Hypertension is one of the most prevalent conditions that afflict Americans. Sad though it is, what is more disturbing is the fact that a majority of the American population is unaware of their own condition. This puts such individuals in a high risk position. Hypertension does not only lead to increased risks of complications, but also increases the number of visits to the healthcare facilities, leading to loss of time, money and resources. The amount and manpower that the current health care facilities bear in treating cases of hypertension or cases related to or complicated by hypertension are enormous. With time, there is more awareness about methods to prevent, and properly manage cases of hypertension. Early diagnosis of conditions along with prevention of their complications is now one of the main priorities of the health department. Time has shown many changes and trends that have taken place in the approach for treating hypertension in the United States. The figures and statistics are promising. Studies have shown a gradual decrease in the prevalence of hypertension in the USA since the 70s, with more signs of further regression. These results have been obtained due to increased awareness, better and affordable treatment and more control over the understanding of its various physiological processes. (Burt, 1995) The nurses are perhaps the only health care personnel who come in most contact with hypertensive patients. Most of the new cases of hypertensive patients are diagnosed in ambulatory health care visits. Blood pressure readings are taken as a standard protocol in any of the doctor's or other healthcare professional's visit. It is easy to see why the chances of diagnosis of hypertension in a clinical environment and by a nurse are increased. Similarly, during the different in hospital stays and procedures, the regulation and monitoring of blood pressure is one of the most fundamental responsibilities of a nurse.This becomes all the more important in cases who are known to have high blood pressures, are admitted in the hospital due to a complication of hypertension, any co-morbid conditions or diseases, or due to any surgery that has taken place. The nurses keep check and record and up to date monitoring of the patient's vitals in all of the phases of treatment. They are also responsibl e to keep check on the follow ups of the patient and inform accordingly should the need arise.From the abovec in preventing complications due to hypertension is large and necessary. It is also therefore understood how a properly trained staff can help and assist in timely notification and treatment of untoward situations. Nurses are the key players in handling patients with all kinds of hypertension. Therefore, to ensure their proper working and efficiency, we must be able to critically analyze the performances given by the profession.The review aims to look at different studies and articles that focus on the important contributory role that nurses have played and continue to do so in caring for patients with hypertension. It will look at the different challenges that face nurses providing care to hypertensive pati

12 Month Football Training Program Essay Example for Free

12 Month Football Training Program Essay The 12-Month Football Training Program A complete football training program takes just a little planning. But the benefits are well worth the effort Football players are amongst some of the finest athletes in the world and thats a testament to their gruelling regime. If you want to perform at YOUR best whatever level that might be you can learn a lot from the way the pros train. First and foremost though, a football training program has to meet your own specific needs Training time for most players is limited. You might not have the resources (or the inclination) to train 6 days a week. And you dont have to. Your only goal should be to maximise the time you DO have at your disposal. Do that and you cannot fail to improve. Any effective training regime should be built on the back of a solid fitness assessment. And it becomes exceptionally important in sports conditioning Without objective testing you simply cannot know how effective your time and energy has been. And if youre shooting in the dark, theres no way to tweak and adjust sessions to get where you want to be. Visit the fitness testing section of the site. Youll find all kinds of tests you can perform with little or no special equipment. Spend one afternoon developing a profile of your athletic abilities and record the results. As a football player youll want focus on tests that measure strength, power and speed. For example †¢One repetition max bench press and leg press †¢30 meter sprint †¢30 meter sprint fatigue †¢Standing vertical jump †¢Standing broad jump †¢Sit and reach test Split Your Football Training Program Into 3 Phases A football training program lasts 12 months even if the competitive in-season only spans from September to December. And that applies to any football player at any level Even if you only have a couple of days a week spare for football conditioning, you should still adapt and vary those sessions over the course of a year. For the more ambitious players, this system of periodization is the ONLY way you can incorporate all the necessary elements of training without overtraining. Here are the three phases or periods of a football training program.. †¢Pre-season phase 7 months †¢In-season phase 4 months †¢Transition phase 1-2 months Wow over half a year to prepare! Thats because it takes time to develop peak strength and power. Lets have a look at each phase in more detail Individual exercises and sessions are covered in separate articles. This is how everything fits together into one, complete football training program. Pre-Season Phase of Football Training The pre-season or off-season is by far the largest phase of the annual plan. The goal is to develop optimum strength and power so that it peaks just prior to the start of the in-season. Because this phase is so long you need to break into smaller cycles often referred to as macrocycles Each macrocycle might last between 3 and 6 weeks (for the sake of ease well assume that each cycle lasts for a calendar month). The training objectives and methods vary within each cycle and theres an important reason for this Firstly, adjusting intensity and volume helps to avoid overtraining and burnout. Secondly, certain aspects of fitness are built on the back of others. Explosive power conditioning for example follows maximal strength training, which in turn follows functional strength training. Strength Power Conditioning? During the transition period (see below) its sensible to layoff strength training all together, at least for a few weeks. You should also consider a functional strength program designed to correct any imbalances that occur as a result of a strenuous football training program. This functional strength program will likely spill into very early pre-season and its designed to prepare your body for subsequently more demanding sessions. Football players are one of the few groups of athletes that can benefit from a hypertrophy program. This type of weight training is designed to increase muscle mass. But contrary to popular belief larger muscles are not necessarily stronger muscles As such hypertrophy training in football should make up only a portion of the strength training program. Maximal strength training is an important element also and leads to significantly different adaptations than bodybuilding. Linemen may want to place more emphasis on the hypertrophy phase than other players. As an example, they could split their preseason into just 4 phases -? unctional/hypertrophy/maximal strength/power. Finally, following the development of muscle mass and maximal strength, conversion to sport-specific power is crucial It is power (and not maximal strength) that is most beneficial to football players. The cycle just prior to the season start should focus on developing peak power. Speed Agility Training? In the early pre-season speed and agility work is optional and should be low in intesnity. Too much running and i nterval training can detract from the development of muscles mass and maximal strength. Some light aerobic training may feature but more as a form of active recovery than intense endurance sessions. As the pre-season progresses more emphasis can be placed on speed and agility and intense interval training. If you take the time to plan your football training program in advance, quickness and agility should hit a peak just as the season begins. Flexibility Training? Dont neglect your flexibility. Your degree of range of movement impacts on your speed, agility and to some extent your power. It will also help to prevent injuries resulting from over stretching. While too much flexibility is not beneficial either, most football players are a long way from being overly supple. Spend at least 3 days a week stretching this is on top of stretching exercises performed as part of the warm up. In-Season Phase of Football Training Compared to the substantial pre-season preparation phase this should be a walk in the park! The objective is to maintain all the gains resulting from your hard work over the previous 6 months or so. Competitive games take priority. All of your conditioning work should be based around when you play. Its important to either rest or perform lower intensity drills the day before a game. Youll also have to co-ordinate your strength sessions so that you recover fully in time. Fortunately, to maintain your new levels of strength and power takes a lot less time in the weight room. You can afford to reduce your number of strength sessions and the volume of sets and repetitions. But dont skip weight training all together. Transition Phase of Football Training The transition phase is as important as any other in the 12 month football training program. It may only last 4-6 weeks but what you choose to do over that period of time can dictate how your entire season plays out. If you dont take the time to rest physically AND mentally you WILL burnout eventually. Even if you feel fresh at the end of hard season take time out. Try another sport tennis is a favourite, or any racket sport. Just avoid weight training and pounding the roads. The only caveat is that you do something physically active If you do absolutely nothing it will be that much harder to return to training. It takes only 4-5 weeks of complete sedentary living to loose most of whats taken you the best part of year to build up. The Perfect Plan Putting it All Together Have a good look at the chart below Notice how the amount and intensity of running drills varies depending on the strength phase? Too much intense interval training alongside strenuous hypertrophy training can leave you physically exhausted. Notice also how the volume of speed and agility work increases alongside power conditioning. This makes sense as it compliments the objectives of the phase. The intensity row is a rough guideline for overall training intensity. Often that can be a subjective measure so pay close attention to how you feel. More football training programs and articles will be added on a regular basis. But this is the place where they all fit together into one cohesive, highly effective plan. Yes, it does take a little planning to bring everything together. And no doubt that plan will (and should) change as you progress. But the changes youll see in your performance are worth every minute!

Critical Thinking: The Ability to Think for Ones Self Essay examples --

Critical thinkers have the ability to think on a higher level. A process for thinking critically is required that will bring about decisions and ideas that will provide for a better life for ourselves and those around us. Most of us take thinking for granted. However, we develop as critical thinkers when we open ourselves to recognizing the strengths and weakness’ of our own thinking. Higher order thinking comes into play when choosing a presidential candidate, or sitting on a jury for a murder trial, or deciding if we need nuclear power plants, or when determining the effects of global warming. As a critical thinker, one becomes a more responsible, contributing member of society. (Schafersman, S.D., 1991). To put us on the road to being critical thinkers, we need to acquire the attributes of a critical thinker and to learn to be fair minded and recognize our own ignorance. Traits of a Critical Thinker In order to improve the thinking ability, one needs intellectual integrity, humility, sense of justice, perseverance, fair mindedness, a confidence in reason, intellectual courage, empathy, and autonomy. These traits allow one to use highly insightful thinking. Someone with a weak sense for critical thinking may become good at winning arguments but they do not develop a sense of fair mindedness. (Paul & Elder, 2006). Being a fair minded thinker can be hard. It requires one to consider views other than one’s own. A person cannot look for his or her own advantage or the advantage of friends. We cannot always be fair minded because our egos get in the way. However, striving to develop a brain that is fair minded will let us find the truth of a matter. All of the traits described above go into developing a fair minded thinking ... ... one to come to conclusions that are fair-minded. (Paul & Elder, 2006). Intellectual integrity, humility, a sense of justice, perseverance, fair mindedness, a confidence in reason, intellectual courage, empathy, and autonomy are all traits needed to create a critical thinker with a fair and disciplined mind. When one moves past their own egocentric thinking, one can become a nonconformist with the ability to think for ones self. This makes one a better thinker and decision maker and therefore, a better contributor to society. References Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your learning and your life (2nd. ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall. Schafersman, S.D. (1991, January). An introduction to critical thinking. Retrieved August 1, 2008 from , Web site: http://www.freeinquiry.com/critical-thinking.html

Jasper Jones Essay

Jasper jones is intriguing novel by Craig Silvey it revolves around the mysterious death the mayors daughter Laura Whishhart (jaspers girlfriend). Whose brutally abused body is found hanging from a tree in a clearing that has been adopted by jasper jones? And who has bad reputation due to his race and the fact that he has to to steal in order to survive due to the lack of parents. So jasper enlist the help of Charlie Bucktin an intelligent teenager to help hide Lauras body and get to the bottom of this alleged murder. Jasper is forced to to hide her body instead of giving her a proper funeral as the residents who reside in Corrigan are ignorant, hypocritical, narrow-minded, racist people who fail to give jasper a fair judgement of character. They blame all their troubles on jasper and any immigrants that come to live in there town, more specifically the Lu family although the town seem to accept both Jeffrey and jasper when it comes to sports as there the towns best athletes at cricket and football the only thing that keeps jasper going is his resilience to find a way through life. Craig uses a large variety of conventions to engage the reader and ensure a clear understanding of the message he wants get across. Throughout the novel jasper is repeatedly used as a scape goat by the residents of Corrigan. The kids frequently use him to get out of trouble as his parents will not pass punishment as long as there children say that they were with jasper jones or even tie the issue back to him. The adult blame him for everything as well if something goes missing it’s immediately jaspers fault or when the post office burnt down, there’s an unfortunate accident or something is found broken people will still blame jasper weather there is or isn’t any evidence to show it was him. The quotes â€Å"Jasper Jones has a terrible reputation in Corrigan his a thief, a liar, a thug, and truant. He’s lazy and unreliable. He’s a feral and an orphan or as good as, his mother is dead and his father is no good he’s the rotten model that parents hold aloft as a warning: this is how you will end up if you’re disobedient. Jasper jones is an example of where poor aptitude will lead. In families throughout Corrigan, he’s the first name to be blamed for everything. † And â€Å"outside of my man’s pocket I never stole a thing I dint need. For certains. Im talkin about food, matched, clothes sometimes, whatever nuthin big ever nuthin people could go without. The first of these two quotes shows how jasper has a bad reputation and that people look down on him in disgust, like his a feral runt. That he gets blamed for every misdemeanour even though his clearly not responsible the enumeration and use of insulting words gets the message across that his hated and everyone thinks his always up to no good even, that his reputation destroys any chance he has to defend himself and show that he hasn’t done anything wrong. While the second quote justifies jaspers actions in the sense that he only took what he needed that he was only trying to survive as he had no support from his father. He never stole out of greed and never had any luxuries he only had what he needed to survive and that it was society who looks down on him even with all of their comforts and fulfilled desires. The way in which its written shows how jasper interactions with society are limited and how his hasn’t had the option to get an education as he’s developed his own way of speaking which consist of mostly slang, this isn’t beneficial l to his reputation ever as it for some residents it reinforces the idea that he’s an uneducated feral. As a whole we can see that jasper is mistreated and misjudged which leads to everyone believing him to be genuine bad boy who is a source of unruly behaviour and a bad influence to those who are around him and as such is used as a template for where bad behaviour and disobedience will lead you. Although Corrigans residents is highly judgemental towards jasper and acts through prejudice there highly accepting to his athletic capabilities and while his making the town look good and winning there football games for him everyone will jeer him on just like they would to a Caucasian teenager but as soon as jasper walks of the field that acceptance disappears and people start treating him like an outcast again this shows a hypocorism the people of Corrigan as they can cheer someone on as long as there accomplishing something for them but as soon as that person has done it they shack their heads at that person in disgust as through there worthless and don’t contribute to society in any way. â€Å"the folks who watch jasper play, who barrack for him like he was one of their own, are the same ones who might cut their eyes at him should he walk there way a few hours after the game. But they’ll smile and cheer and shake their heads in wonderment if he takes a run through centre or if he nails one in the pocket† this quote shows how the towns racial prejudice and hypocrisy and can in make them change their thoughts about jasper in a matter of second. That they refuse to accept him as a civil human being in general life but as soon as his winning a game for them his suddenly the best person they’ve ever come across as he’s beneficial to them. The conventions here are juxtaposition to help show how ignorant and arrogant Corrigan’s residence really as they change their mind from he’s amazing, great, and spectacular to his filth, a runt and worthless to everybody Jasper manages to accept and lives through the prejudice based treatment because of the incredible amount of resilience he has, although his shunned, hatted, despised, judged and mistreated. Yet jasper doesn’t show any bitterness to the town of Corrigan, he doesn’t resent them he just accepts the way things are in the hopes that he might be able to change them. He has still developed a sense of loyalty at sense of right and wrong a maturity that is far advanced for his age and a street smart attitude to what the world is actually like. he has come to forgive those who mistreat him and treat them like equals even tho they neglect his right to be treated like one. † I bin looking after myself since I can remember. And that’s food, cloth, where I sleep the whole lot I tole, it doesn’t matter how old you are. Everyone ages. Everyone can learn a trade and pay taxes and have a family. But that’s not growing up. It’s about how you act when your shit gets shaken up, it’s about how much you see around you, that’s what makes a man. And if I can do it here, in this town, I can do it anywhere I reckon. This quote shows how resilient jasper has always been his been looking after himself for basically his whole life and has never lost hope or the slightest amount of morale. He believes that is He can handle the stress and tolerate the intolerance of others he can make a living he can make a good name for himself and come out of it as a better person then he is a man and that if he can do it in Corrigan he can get himself accepted by anyone, anywhere. The use of slang here in jaspers speech really help visualize the situation as it makes readers feel like what jaspers saying is the truth and that ever word is meant. Which makes it an emotive text as readers feel sorry about jaspers current situation yet are inspired by the resilience he shows to not give up. So in conclusion jasper has stayed strong despite his mistreatment by the town of Corrigan, he hasn’t grown bitter towards the residence or think of them as bad people just that there ignorant. As they only accept the athletic part of him and not the indigenous. And as such infuses the stereotype that aboriginals are bad news and jaspers already bad reputation to create the perfect scape goat for their troubles and problems and through craig silveys excellent use of conventions and unique writing style readers understand this text and its meaning relatively easy.

Advantage and Disadvantage of Technology: a Mind-Blowing Development Essay

The schools we described above, one in Oklahoma and two in Ohio, are unknown to most Americans. And as innovations, they barely make a ripple in the vast sea that is the nation’s public school system. But they are harbingers of things to come. Like so many other novelties that surround us these days, from iPods to YouTube to Wikipedia, they are expressions of a profound social force—the revolution in information technology—that while still in process, is fast generating one of the most important transformations in all of human history. Because we are all enmeshed in this revolution every day, most of us are naturally inclined to take it for granted as a normal part of our lives, and to have a difficult time appreciating the enormity of its longer-term implications. But the fact is, it is radically changing our world. The information revolution has globalized the international economy, made communication and social networking—among anyone, anywhere—virtually instantaneous and costless, put vast storehouses of information and research within reach of everyone on the planet, dramatically boosted the prospects of cooperation and collective action, internationalized the cultures of previously insulated nations, and in countless other ways transformed the fundamentals of human society. The new schools in Oklahoma and Ohio are an integral part of all this. They are among the first stirrings of a revolution in how children can learn and be educated. The possibilities are exciting—and astounding. Even today, with educational technology in its earliest stages: Curricula can be customized to meet the learning styles and life situations of individual students, giving them productive alternatives to the boring standardization of traditional schooling. Education can be freed from geographic constraint: students and teachers do not have to meet in a building within a school within a district, but can be anywhere, doing their work at any time. Students can have more interaction with their teachers and with one another, including teachers and students who may be thousands of miles away or from different nations or cultures. Parents can readily be included in the communications loop and involved more actively in the education of their kids. Teachers can be freed from their tradition-bound classroom roles, employed in more differentiated and productive ways, and offered new career paths. Sophisticated data systems can put the spotlight on performance, make progress (or the lack of it) transparent to all concerned, and sharpen accountability. Schools can be operated at lower cost, relying more on technology (which is relatively cheap) and less on labor (which is relatively expensive). These advantages only begin to describe the educational promise of technology, and it is guaranteed to continue generating innovations at a breathtaking pace in the years ahead. The great power of technology is that no one really knows what it will produce or make possible in the future. Who would have thought, not so long ago, that such a thing as the Internet could even exist? Or that any child could use a laptop computer to gain access to massive compendiums of information on virtually any topic of interest? These are mind-blowing developments. Although the advance of educational technology is still in its early stages, there can be little doubt that the information revolution has the capacity to revolutionize education. It could hardly be otherwise. Information and knowledge are absolutely fundamental to what education is all about—to what it means, in fact, for people to become educated—and it would be impossible for the information revolution to unfold and not have transformative implications for how children can be educated and how schools and teachers can more productively do their jobs. But to say that technology is hugely beneficial and that it has the capacity to revolutionize American education does not mean that this revolution is actually going to happen.

5 things to consider before becoming a freelancer

5 things to consider before becoming a freelancer No set hours, no dress code and no boss. The life of a freelancer sounds like the dream situation for many average workers, especially those who have skills in writing, design or coding. With these skills, the reality of becoming a remote worker is not a far off dream as it is for others. But, it is important to take a step back and consider what it actually means to be a freelancer before taking the leap. Quitting your job and realising it’s not actually for you can be a stark reality to face.1) It’s a Solo Career PathThere’s no office water cooler in your home office, nor is there an opportunity to turn to your co-worker and have a chat about the weather. For some, this can be a very lonely path. It is good for those who have an erratic schedule, kids who need varying amounts of attention or someone who thrives on work hours that are outside of the 9 to 5.However, for some people, the isolation that comes with freelancing can cause anxiety or even depression. F reelancers who begin to feel this way should get out of the house as often as possible – even if it’s simply scheduling coffee with a friend or taking part in a sports activity twice a week. A break from the norm and social interaction is needed to keep the average freelancer sane.Networking can also be a great way to ensure that you get socialisation as a freelancer. Whether online or off, not only can you meet new people but you could also get more work from the endeavour!2) Money TalksFreelancing does not come with a set salary. One month you may be swimming in work and watching your bank account grow healthily, whereas the next you may be struggling to remember the meaning of the word client. It’s an insecure way to make a living – any prospective freelancer needs to be aware and prepared for this.Also, leaving the world of full-time work can remove important factors such as health insurance, retirement funds and other company benefits. Paying out for this alongside rent, savings, bills and the simple cost of living can see your freelancing money not stretch as far as you would have hoped.If you generally struggle to save money or keep track of your finances – even with a regular income – then freelancing may not be for you. Doing your own finances, taxes and sorting out the right freelancers insurance can be next to impossible if you don’t have a firm grasp on your budget.3) Legal FactorsAs a freelancer, you are considered a sole trader. But, this can open you up to a world of legal problems that are typically covered by an employer in the permanent career path. Setting yourself up as a limited company can be one way in which you mitigate this legal risk to yourself.Creating your own limited company can help to separate you and your work. Protecting your personal funds in the case of your company financially struggling or folding, or in the case that a client sues. Having a company in place helps to prevent the client from going after you or your personal money.Having legal contracts in place is also integral to protecting yourself from any repercussions. A written agreement can help protect your income also, as having written proof of your agreement with a client can help you to claim back money owed in the case of no payment. Terms and conditions alongside a privacy policy are also important to have on your website if you are selling a product, as it protects both you and any visitor to your site.4) Firm Handed ApproachSometimes clients don’t want to pay you. Sometimes clients want things on an impossible time scale. Sometimes it can feel like you’re just being set up to fail. For these situations, having a firm hand is vital to help keep your head above water. Learning to say ‘no’ is almost as important as the skill that allows you to freelance in the first place.If you find that you’re more of a ‘yes person’ then freelancing may not b e a career path that you can thrive in.5) Organisation is KingDeadlines. Client logins. Invoices. Taxes. Emails. Lots and lots of emails.Keeping on top of everything can feel like a monumental task at the best of times, but even more so when you are a freelancer responsible for the running of a small business. Ultimately, that’s what you are. A small business with all of the paperwork and administration that comes with it – all of which you have to do by yourself.If keeping things in order is a struggle of yours, then keeping track of your freelancing career may be a struggle in the beginning. However, learning to become organised is not impossible!Purchase a file for your tax returns and insurance documents. Invest in an accounting software that works for you and can help you to invoice your clients with ease. Create folders in your email account that will help you deal with issues in order of priority. Use a calendar that can help you keep on top of all your deadline s, those are important after all!There a lot of things that need to be organised as a freelancer, if it seems like too much now then imagine what it will be like during the everyday struggle of freelancing. Set firm organisation in place from day one to enjoy true success as a freelancer.So there you have it, the top considerations that you need to make before you take the leap into freelance writing for good. Ensure that you consider everything carefully before you leave the city centre office in exchange for your home office.About the authorZack Halliwell is a lover of long walks with his dog during the day and a freelance writer by night. Kind of like Batman (coincidentally the name of his dog). Find him @ZackHalliwell on  Twitter.

Overview of Sociobiology Theory

Overview of Sociobiology Theory While the term sociobiology can be traced to the 1940s, the concept of sociobiology first gained major recognition with Edward O. Wilson’s 1975 publication Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. In it, he introduced the concept of sociobiology as the application of evolutionary theory to social behavior. Overview Sociobiology is based on the premise that some behaviors are at least partly inherited and can be affected by natural selection. It begins with the idea that behaviors have evolved over time, similar to the way that physical traits are thought to have evolved. Animals will, therefore, act in ways that have proven to be evolutionarily successful over time, which can result in the formation of complex social processes, among other things.​ According to sociobiologists, many social behaviors have been shaped by natural selection. Sociobiology investigates social behaviors such as mating patterns, territorial fights, and pack hunting. It argues that just as selection pressure led to animals evolving useful ways of interacting with the natural environment, it also led to the genetic evolution of advantageous social behavior. Behavior is therefore seen as an effort to preserve one’s genes in the population and certain genes or gene combinations are thought to influence particular behavioral traits from generation to generation. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection explains that traits less adapted to particular conditions of life will not endure in a population because organisms with those traits tend to have lower rates of survival and reproduction. Sociobiologists model the evolution of human behaviors in much the same way, using various behaviors as the relevant traits. In addition, they add several other theoretical components to their theory. Sociobiologists believe that evolution includes not just genes, but also psychological, social, and cultural features. When humans reproduce, offspring inherit the genes of their parents, and when parents and children share genetic, developmental, physical, and social environments, the children inherit the gene-effects of their parents. Sociobiologists also believe that the different rates of reproductive success are related to different levels of wealth, social status, and power within that culture. Example of Sociobiology in Practice One example of how sociobiologists use their theory in practice is through the study of sex-role stereotypes. Traditional social science assumes that humans are born with no innate predispositions or mental contents and that sex differences in children’s behavior is explained by the differential treatment of parents who hold sex-role stereotypes. For example, giving girls baby dolls to play with while giving boys toy trucks, or dressing little girls in only pink and purple while dressing boys in blue and red. Sociobiologists, however, argue that babies do have innate behavioral differences, which trigger the reaction by parents to treat boys one way and girls another way. Further, females with low status and less access to resources tend to have more female offspring while females with high status and more access to resources tend to have more male offspring. This is because a woman’s physiology adjusts to her social status in a way that affects both the sex of her child and her parenting style. That is, socially dominant women tend to have higher testosterone levels than others and their chemistry makes them more active, assertive, and independent than other women. This makes them more likely to have male children and also to have a more assertive, dominant parenting style. Critiques of Sociobiology Like any theory, sociobiology has its critics. One critique of the theory is that it is inadequate to account for human behavior because it ignores the contributions of the mind and culture. The second critique of sociobiology is that it relies on genetic determinism, which implies approval of the status quo. For example, if male aggression is genetically fixed and reproductively advantageous, critics argue, then male aggression seems to be a biologic reality in which we have little control.

Final proof for doc sum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final proof for doc sum - Essay Example express God’s essential nature.1 This doctrinal summary is a brief overview of the doctrine of the Trinity; God’s nature, perfections, and attributes; and, God’s Decree. The doctrine of the Trinity can be described as, God existing in one essence, with three persons or members of the same substance. At the same time, there is no division of the substance; each member is identical in deity and substance. The Triune God of the Bible exists in one essence with three distinct members of the Godhead: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Each member of the Godhead is the same in substance; however, throughout dispensational periods of the Bible, specific distinctions of members of the Godhead were seen to accomplish God’s will. Christian doctrine of the Trinity did not emerge from the philosophical speculation about God.2 Simple logic and reasoning play no role in the Trinity doctrine. Scriptures in the Bible teach the Trinity implicitly. This summary will show a brief overview of monotheistic elements in Trinitarian belief. Furthermore, Scriptures referring to the three members of the Godhead, as well as their individual distinctions will be discussed. Monotheism or unity is the foundation of the trinity doctrine. Deuteronomy 6:4, â€Å"Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one† known as the ‘shema’ thereby rules out any belief in polytheism, because during this time many worshiped multiple so called Gods. However, in the New Testament, we see evidence of the three members implicitly in Scripture: (1 Peter 1:2), â€Å"who have chosen according to the foreknowledge of the Father, through the Sanctifying work of the Spirit, for the obedience to Jesus Christ and the sprinkling by his blood.†3 This particular Scripture shows the three members of the Godhead. The Trinity is a perfect union, with balance of authority and love without imperfections. We will now investigate some of God’s attributes/ perfections. Understanding the basic concept of the Trinity

Memory Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Memory Management - Essay Example The partitioning that is done in memory for its allocation can be fixed. There are two possible methods whereby which queues may be used to bring processes into the memory for execution. The first method is by using a single queue and the second method I by using multiple queues as shown in the fig. 1. Figure 1 Fixed memory Partitioning. Using multiple queues Using Single Queue Mechanism The first available memory location that is large enough to hold the process is allocated All processes get lined up into a single queue. The partition closest to the process that can hold it is assigned to that process. Advantages Load is balanced. Arrived processes are transferred evenly into all memory partitions. As soon as a memory partition gets free it is assigned to a waiting process. The allocation process is very quick. The allocation process does not waste memory space. Disadvantages Any memory size that may be more than the size of the process gets lost. Moreover the queues of small parti tions are often lined up with several processes while those with larger partitions are often left untouched. The drawback is that even though large sizes of memory are free small processes are not allocated that memory and they stay lined up in the queues of smaller memory sized partitions waiting for their turn to come. A large partition may be wasted on a small job resulting in loss of large amounts of memory. Unbalanced load. Some queues may be empty while others are fully loaded. 2. What is the swapping technique? Why is it needed for multiprogramming environment? Swapping generally means interchanging the contents of two different spaces using a third temporary empty content space. Swapping is used as a memory management technique for multiprogramming environment. For a program to execute it is mandatory to acquire physical memory or main/primary memory. In a uni-processor environment multiple programs can simultaneously be executed by overlapping an I/O of a program with the e xecution of another program. Due to the limited size of physical memory it is very difficult to accommodate all of the required programs in main memory. To accommodate new programs currently running programs are swapped out on the basis of their activity status. For example when a program asks for data from secondary storage, it has to wait for complete input. Meanwhile due to Direct Memory Access the CPU remains available for other programs. The operating system thus swaps out the waiting program with the one that needs to be executed with the CPU. Upon completion of data transfer the earlier program is invoked and swapped into the memory again. This is how swapping works for multiprogramming environment. 3. Discuss the main function(s) of each of the following operating system parts: a) Memory management Unit The Memory Management Unit is said to serve as a buffering agent between the Central Processing Unit and the memory of the system. The functions that are performed by this un it may roughly be categorized into three categories. These are: 1. Operating System Memory Management, 2. Hardware Memory Management and 3. Application Memory Management. Specifically speaking, it translates address from their virtual address format into their physical address format. b) Linker â€Å"Performs the function of linking the libraries to the object code in order to transform the object code into an executable machine.† (cool interview, 2012).

Line Managers and HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Line Managers and HRM - Essay Example Retailco at the same time is also not interested in investing much into the part timers as the major advantage of hiring the part time workers is the cost saving as compared to the full time workers. Another problem with the part time workers is that the part time workers have other commitments too. The turnover of part time workers is high as they have less loyalty and less bonding with the organization working in. On the other hand, the full time work force is expensive to manage and maintain. The part time workers are only paid for their services whereas the full time workers also receive a hefty benefits package alongwith their basic salary. From the perspective of recruitment of part time workers as opposed to full time employees, the part time workers have to be hired more frequently. Store managers have substantial responsibility in terms of management and human resource activities. These managers are responsible for local HR activities including, but not restricted to, recruitment and selection, on-the-job training, staff scheduling and performance management. The workforce majority being the part time workers pose a difficulty for the store managers to manage their time to conduct such additional tasks which do not directly contribute to their performance. Store managers have set cost targets and budgets constraints within which they have to remain. They believe that hiring full time workers costs more in terms of overtime rate, for example, and thus they would run out of their budget limits if they hire full time workers. Thus they prefer hiring part time workers over full time employees. Another problem arising as a consequence of such a budget based recruitment practice is that the recruitment is

History of Colour in Art

History of Colour in Art The use of colour in history has gone through a long story. It has been used because of its ability in altering mood and atmosphere, and also because of its symbolic meanings. The earliest known usage of colour in interior space started when man drew on walls of caves and tombs, which continues with the application on cathedrals, palaces, and ordinary homes. History of colour The usage of colour has been involved in the architectural development in ancient Egypt and Greeks. It has been used mostly because of the association of colour with certain symbolism in the cultures. Ancient Egypt, one of the most documented civilizations, used paintings on walls and ceilings in order to tell the story of their civilization, from daily life to battle scenes. Earth pigments are used in creating these paintings red, yellow ochre, also green, blue, purple, black, white, and gray. Each colour is used to symbolise certain criterias, for example red ocher for skin colour of men, while yellow is used for the women. While in the Greek history, the Palace of Knossos, is a distinct example of the use of colour in its architecture. The most outstanding feature in the building is its large red and black columns. Palace of Knossos, Greece   Colour has been widely used in the past, but this tradition doesnt always go well along the development in architecture. The Lost of Colour Being used and developed throughout the early civilization, colour arrived at a point times when its use is being ignored. The situation is caused by several reasons, such as the perception of whiteness, and how this idea is strengthen by the emergence of the Modern Movement and International Style, who preferred the natural colour of the materials, and later on the idea of black, white, and gray in Minimalism. These movements has changed peoples perception of colour and therefore resulting avoidance in its application. Whiteness Though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow. Bible The colour white, through various cultures, has been associated with perfection, innocence, and cleanliness. Colour, on the other hand, is perceived as the opposite of whiteness, which is dirtiness and the less-than-true. The word colour, which is colorem in Latin, is related to celare, means to hide or conceal. In Middle English to colour means to disguise. The Modern Movement, International Style and Minimalism Rejection of colour, partly is also formed by the influence of Modern Movement and International Style, which often termed their works as minimal. In this period, light and neutral tones are preferred in the space. White is the most dominant colour because it allows colours and light in the surrounding reflects into the space and that it is felt as natural colour. Colour, on the other hand, is being avoided because it makes a striking contrast with the surrounding. Even in times when it is used, colour is still artificially applied  and the majority of the surfaces is white.The famous people in this period are Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius. Their works, reflecting the idea of Modern Movement, shows restraint use of colour. Instead of using colours, they use the genuine colour and texture from the materials used, such as steel, glass, concrete, masonry, and stone, which dominates their works. Minimalism, another architectural style, is also much associated with the use of white. The term minimalism is applied to works showing reduction in forms, usually created with flat surfaces that reflect a simple and tranquil atmosphere. White colour is chosen as the most dominant colour, since it is seen as colour with pure, smooth, and serene quality, and therefore goes along with the idea of calmness and tranquillity in minimalism. Samuel Wagstaff, an art curator, mentioned that this new aesthetics in black, white, and gray, is aimed to keep the viewer from being biased by the emotionalism of colour. So, white colour, along with black and gray are preferred to be used here. Chromophobia The perception of white and the modern art movement influence has a causal relation to what David Batchelor mentioned as chromophobia. Chromophobia, based on David Batchelor, is defined as a fear of corruption or contamination through colour. He mentioned that chromophobia manifests itself in the many and varied attempts to purge colour from culture, to devalue colour, to diminish its significance, to deny its complexity . ( Batchelor, David, 2000) The rejection of colour happens in two ways. First, colour is made out of foreign body- usually the feminine, the vulgar, .In this case, colour is  treated as something foreign, something alien'( Batchelor, David, 2000 ) so that it is considered dangerous. Charles Blanc, a colour theorist, identified colour with the feminine in art and as something that cannot be detached from life. Not just that, he even consider colour as a permanent internal threat. Therefore, he came up with the idea of either completely ignoring colour or controlling it, in order to preventing it from ruining everything. Charles Blanc is not the only chromophobic. The idea of fear of colour has also swept the society and therefore had its impact to architectural design. A few cases of the rejection of colour in the past have been experienced by architects. It happened to Belgian architect Huib Hoste, who throughout his career has been experimenting with colours in his works. One of his works, the Zwart Huis ( Black House ), which is created for Raymond de Beir Knokke in 1924 is painted deep black and partly red for its walls. Complains came from the neighbours who felt uncomfortable by the too-striking-colours and on how it broke the harmony within the surrounding environment. In 2001, a similar problem occured with the work by MVRDV. Designing an entire orange office building in a courtyard in Amsterdam, provoked dissapproval from the neighbours who felt annoyed with the orange glow that forced its way to the surrounding homes. Everything around you is orange you didnt ask for it, you didnt want i t, but you cant do anything about it, they said. (Colour in Contemporary Architecture, 2009) According to David Batchelor, the word chromophobia, other than defining colour as dangerous, is also used for the idea of colour as something superficial, supplementary, and as a secondary quality of experience, which leads to lack of consideration in its usage. This had  happened even in ancient times, when Vitruvius complained that buildings were painted without considering its relation with the architectural form, which means there was not much consideration put in the thought process therefore resulting an unsatisfying project. Rejection for colour has become a serious problem and therefore cause the lost of colour. THESIS STATEMENT : Colour once is considered as an afterthought, that it ends up as decorative elements. It also has been considered dangerous. But considering the ability of colour in changing perception and mood, there might be a chance to create a more emotive architecture than those without colour. So, should we re-examine the role of colour in architecture? BODY Colour in Architecture The impulse of using colour in architecture emerged in 1920s, inspired by paintings. Three architects who were known to use colour in their works in this period are Le Corbusier, Theo van Doesburg, and Bruno Taut, but each architect has different approach in applying colour in their works. Theo van Doesburg, is the member of De Stijl Movement, an important accomplishment in applying colour in architecture. Other movements using colour as their conceptual design basis are Constructivism and Expressionism. In De Stijl, colour is considered as an important element and is developed as a tool in creating a new spatial experience. The goal of the movement is to achieve an ideal future where walls that separate men would be broken down. The architects of De Stijl believe that the three-dimensional properties of mass and volume is against the goal of the movement, and in order to achieve their goal, these characteristics must be broken down by using colours. The method they used is to place colour planes on corners and boundaries, resulting a change in the volume of space. Here, colours were used not just as mere decoration, but it also plays an important part in altering the visual experience of the user spatially. However, Le Corbusier called van Doesburg application on colour as camouflage architectural and disagreed with the use of colour to weakens the physical space or to conceal its actual spatial proportions. Villa la Roche, Le Corbusier Opposing the idea, in his work, Le Corbusier coloured the entire wall surfaces to make them an individual elements, so that it would not disturb the spatial effect of the architecture. These coloured walls were used as an intervention against the mostly painted white spaces in the building. The colours here, as Batchelor commented, was used by Le Corbusier to make his architecture even more white. Having a different approach with his two fellows architects, Bruno Tauts intention was to use colour as an agent of social reform. His goal was to create various identities in a large housing estates, where people from overcrowded flats in the backyard of Berlin will be the occupants of the building. (Komossa, Susanne, 2009) Although the myth of white appeared not long after these colour methods were being used, architects such as Louis Barragan emerged into practice and back with the idea of colour as an essential element, opposing the idea of colour  as decorations. His choice of colours mostly reflects the colours of Mexican culture. Through his works, Barragan proved how the use of colours are able to evoke dreamlike and surreal atmosphere. Another renowned colour architect is Ricardo Legorreta. Inspired by the 20th century mural paintings, Legorreta uses many bright colours in his works and proves that colours can emphasize shapes and deny mass of the buildings. From time to time, along with the gradual loss of Modern Movement influence, colour slowly made its way back to architectural design. Herzog de Meuron, for example, coloured their first house in Basle suburb with blue layer that engages the viewer. Looking at how colours are being considered more deeply in architecture nowadays, and how it is constantly being moved away from the idea of a mere decoration to elements that can alter perception of the viewer, the use of colour has achieved a different state than it used to be. And in this sense, just as mentioned by Rem Koolhas, the future of colour is looking bright. Visible Space: Seeing Colour 1.1 Perception of Space Perception is a critical connection between human and their surrounding environment. It can also refer to a more complicated and higher level of thinking process. Perception enables human beings to decide what has been sensed and analyze that sensation. Beside digesting the information received from the sensors, perception also acts as a filter that classify important and useful information. In architectural design, whose works mainly is about the creation of space, perception of space is nevertheless important. In order to perceive the space, one must firstly sense the space. To sense a space is to become aware of own self existence in the space and therefore one is able to distinguish between the self and the surrounding. This can be done using human senses, which are hearing, seeing, smell, taste, and touch. But as we always hear, Seeing is believing, visual perception is very important in shaping perception of space. Here, colour takes a major role. 1.2 The eye and the colour Take a good look round and youll see that everything is coloured. K. Schippers Colour, dissolving perfectly in our life, may seem as a very normal experience. But it actually is a very important aspect in our vision because it plays a big part in shaping our visual perception. So what is colour? Colour, in physics and optics, are defined as component parts of light. Being able to see colour enables human see many more different things under the light, comparing to what might possibly be seen in only shades of gray ( known as monochromatic vision). Some animals, such as dogs, dont experience colour vision. This condition cause they can only spot other creatures, for example rabbits, only if it moves. The experience of seeing colour will not be possible if not because of the assistance of light in our vision. Our eyes perceive differences in light frequencies just as how we perceive differences in sound frequencies with  our ears. While differences in sound frequencies enable us to hear different pitch, differences in light frequencies enable us to see different colour. The colour field that human perceive ranges from the longest visible wavelength (red) to the shortest visible wavelength (violet). Light, in various wavelength and brightness, enters our eyes through a transparent outer covering, called the cornea. The received light then will be focused on the back of the surface of the eye. The back of the eye is covered by the retina, which contain many layers of cells. The layer which is important in colour vision consist two receptors called rods and cones. Rods enable us to see black and white visions in dim light, while cones enable us to see hues under brighter lighting condition. Hence, through these series of mechanisms, we are able to see colour. Colour and Light Architecture is light. It is because of light, architecture can be seen. In its relation with colour, light always assists colour enabling it to be seen. Both colour and light are important aspects in creating perception in architecture. Light, enabling colour to be seen, determines the experience of the colour perceived. The condition of light and the changes it made; its direction, form, colour, and its arrangement; has a potential to create various colour perception. Considering the possibility of changes in perceiving colour based on the lighting condition, various kinds of atmosphere might be created. Both natural and artificial lighting is able to be used in assisting colour in the space. The perception of colour under the sunlight can vary depends on the atmospheric condition. The direction of the sunlight has to be considered in order to create a desirable colour perceived in space. Direct sunlight can make surfaces appear lighter, while the indirect sunlight will cause less dramatic shadow casting. Since the sun moves throughout the day, different kinds of light will be experienced. Different lights will reflect colour differently, resulting the same colour might be perceived differently during different time of the day. An observation of how light affects the colour perceived has been done by the French Impressionist, Claude Monet, in creating his works. In order to find the visual truth, Monet often painted the exact same scenes, such as haystacks and cathedral face, under different lighting condition. Once, he rented a room opposite Rouen Cathedral and spent months there painting the cathedral in different times of the day. It appeared that in full midday sunlight , the facade of the building is washed with gold colour and a slight blue shadow. While at sunset, the surface is coloured pale bluish pink, with lots of oranges and reds in the buildings recesses. Colour and Atmosphere: Towards Emotive Architecture Colour Deceives The usage of colour is often associated with its ability in creating illusion. Based on Joseph Albers book, Interaction of Colour, colour in visual perception is always never seen as it really is in reality, which is why he mentioned, In order to use colour effectively it is necessary to recognise that colour deceives continually The ability of colour in deceiving the viewer resulting two kinds of conditions the actual and the  factual. The actual is the space which is perceived by the viewer, while the factual is the physical space bordered by walls in reality. The ability of colour to change spatial perception is also written in Ittens analysis, Among cold and warm tones of equal brilliance, the warm will advance and the cold retreat. By recognizing the potential of colour in terms of altering perception of space through vision of the viewers, colour has vast opportunities in being used as the resource in creating space. Colour Affects: Physiology and Psychology Colour is known as an expressive element and can be used to generate emotional response. Studies on how colour can change peoples emotion has been conducted by people. Bright colours ( warm hues ) fit well for spaces requiring lots of activities and mental alertness, therefore these colours are often being used in school environments. While on the other hand, cooler hues tend to calm people. In his book Concerning the Spiritual in Art, Kandinsky did analysis on the sensory effects in colour. He found that bright and warm colours attract greater attention and the visual emotion created by these tones generates physical effect that touches the soul. Realizing the potential of colour in altering emotion, people used it as a tool in healing. Chromo therapy, or colour therapy, is the practice of using coloured light and colour in the environment to cure specific illness and in general to bring about beneficial health effect ( Hope and Walch, 1990, p.75). The study on chromo therapy is based on the  discovery of how our bodies, acting like prisms, absorb white light and other colours, too. The therapy involves the use of natural light that is filtered through a certain colour of glass. For example, patient with migraine will be treated with sunlight filtered through blue glass, and depression can be treated with red light. Emotive Architecture Emotive architecture, is usually defined as buildings and spaces that is purposefully built to provoke emotional response from the users. The idea came up from the feeling of too functional architecture in the 20th century, which created the space with much logic and utility. Case Study Luis Barragan In my activity as an architect, colour and light have always been a crucially important constant. Both are basic elements in the creation of an architectural space. Luis Barragan Luis Barragan learned much from the work of Itten who is devoted to the laws of harmony, contrast, and the spatial effect of colours. In his works, Barragan treated colour the same way as other architectural components and he bravely experiments and utilizes its ability in generating sensations in the space. His works on The Gilardi House, dwelling of Francisco Gilardi, showed a skillful consideration in assisting colour with light in the space. The method of the colour used here, such as achieving brighter or softer hues through direct and indirect lighting, using coloured glass to create chromatic ambience, has been experimented in his earlier works. In the dwelling, Barragan continued his experiment in utilizing white light in the space and how it landed on the coloured vertical sections. A yellow-painted corridor is placed nearby the entrance in order to prepare the journey to an important space. Walking down the corridor, the visitor is faced with a radiating blue space. The contrast between the warm and cool colour is aimed to arrest the visitors vision. The visitor then comes out into the space with pool which is surrounded by three primary colours; blue, red, yellow. The whole composition of this space is supported by the coloured surfaces around the pool and the reflections created by the water. Steven Holl Famous for his method of utilizing light in the space, Steven Holl is also do a lot of experimentations on its relation with  colour. In his work The Chapel of St, Ignatius, for example, Steven Holl used the idea of treating the space like seven bottles of light. Each bottle is pierced with light which define each spaces inside the building with coloured light.